Paul Keres ([ˈpɑu̯l ˈkeres]; January 7, 1916 – June 5, 1975) was an Estonian chess player and writer. He was among the world's top players from the mid-1930s to
the mid-1960s and in 1950, was awarded the title of International Grandmaster by FIDE on its inaugural list.
Keres narrowly missed a chance at a world championship match on five occasions. He won the 1938 AVRO tournament, which led to negotiations for a title match against
champion Alexander Alekhine, but the match never took place due to World War II.
Due to these and other strong results, many chess historians consider Keres one of the greatest players in history, and the strongest player never to become world champion.
He was nicknamed "Paul the Second", "The Eternal Second" and "The Crown Prince of Chess".